It’s a wet December day in Rome, and my friend Daphne* has been waiting near Piazza Barberini for half an hour. Five people booked her free walking tour. None have appeared.

It’s the third time in a row that no-one has shown up. For the travellers, there’s no financial penalty. However, for Daphne, there can be. She’s given up paid work for the day to be here, so her no-show guests have cost her time and income.

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